Mesopotamia and Egypt Essay before 600 BC - 911 Words

Mesopotamia and Egypt Ancient civilizations across history have shown unique and incredible feats of mankind. Arguably, two of the most prominent ancient civilizations in the Middle East and even the world are the Mesopotamians (Beginning 5,000 B.C.) and Egyptians (Beginning 3,150 B.C). Even though these two civilizations peaked about 2,000 years apart, they share numerous similarities contributing to their success, and also show even more differences that distinguish how each had a unique culture and way of life. Both civilizations excelled at feeding and supporting large populations of people. This was done largely because both had techniques that allowed them to excel in farming and agriculture. Mesopotamia had fertile valleys†¦show more content†¦With governmental machinery that brought political and social order to their territories, effective political and military power enabled them to build regional empires and expand their authority to neighboring people. Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia w ere two great civilizations among the earliest to emerge in the Middle east and North Africa. Both made significant contributions in areas such as mathematics, medicine, agriculture, astronomy, technology, architecture, art and writing. They had differences as well, including their political structures. Most importantly is that Egyptians were under a centralized government, and the Mesopotamians had self-controlled city state governments. In Egypt specialized labor was a feature to societies in the southern part of the Nile River valley, Egyptian and Nubian lands build patriarchal societies that placed authority in the hands of adult males. The Egyptian economy was really productive because of it’s location and prosperity of the location, Egypt was a center of trade, linking lands in southwest Asia, the eastern Mediterranean, and sub Saharan Africa. The Nile allowed Egyptians to travel back and forth due to the winds, all you needed to do is change your sail. Mesopotamia is known as the fertile crescent. There was much farming in ancient Mesopotamia. Farmers would dig trenches from the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers to keep their soil moist. The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers were very important in Ancient Mesopotamia,Show MoreRelatedThe And The Babylonian Essay1568 Words   |  7 PagesLucas Morgan Mr. Hare Book Essay Despite the fact that of however constrained degree, this unobtrusive book indicates not just the fascinating way of the revelations made generally years in the region of Jraq, additionally the significance of the occupants of the Babylonian plain. Prior to the revelation of the Assyro-BabyIonian engravings, the name Sumerian was for all intents and purposes obscure. Right now no history of the Euphrates valley can be composed without giving them a huge placeRead MoreThe Foundation Of The Roman Culture Essay2604 Words   |  11 Pages1 The foundation of the Roman culture had a strong Etruscan influence due to their taking control of Rome circa 650 BC. The Etruscans transformed Rome into an actual, functioning city through urban planning and civil engineering projects. Although the Etruscans were hostile in their take over, the Romans would not have accomplished what they did alone. It was not until circa 500 BC that Rome successfully shook off Etruscan rule. Once they were free, the Romans established a republic, a form of government

The Picture Of Dorian Gray, And The Phantom Of The Beholder

There is an old saying that declares: â€Å"Beauty is in the eye of the beholder†. This suggests that beauty is subjective, and lacks a concrete contextualized definition; what is perceived by one individual as attractive, may be, by another, considered unattractive. Regardless of the subjective nature of beauty, society still conforms to beauty ideals, which are propagated and fueled by the media. The beauty ideals that are self imposed by society are problematic because they are unattainable, and galvanize society to reject or promote people based on their outward appearance and hold people’s inner beauty in less regard. The imbalance between physical (outward) appearance and inward is a key theme in both The Picture of Dorian Gray, and The Phantom of the Opera. In both novels, the main characters are subject to judgment that is overwhelmingly directed at their outward appearance, and we see an over-emphasis of the superficial, which ultimately leads to their downfall . Another important thematic element present in both novels is that the main characters have conflicting dual personalities that have changing roles as the story progresses. A contrasting thematic element in both books is the excessive praise that the main character in The Picture of Dorian Gray received, and the excessive criticism that the main character in The Phantom of the Opera received, both leading to negative outcomes, and the characters’ ultimate demise. Both the characters of Erik and Dorian in The

Research Proposal Skype free essay sample

Within the cent years the internet technology has changed significantly and unexpected opportunities became reality, as web conferencing. In recent years, web conferencing has become more and more popular as well within business for cross border meetings as for students for divergent reasons. Nevertheless, web conferencing is not yet general accepted as a substitute for face-to-face meetings. There are a lot of reasons why face-to-face is still the most common way to meet, one of the reasons could be that students have the idea that meeting physically helps them to get better results for their group work.In this study the effect of substituting physical meetings by web conferencing on group work results among students will be investigated. The study will only focus on SUB Master students at Masochist University. This study will be carried out within five days in a controlled experimental environment by the GAPS research group, which is a team consisting of three doctoral students experienced in teaching and research projects. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal Skype or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The use of web conferencing becomes increasingly popular within academic institutions (Sumner Hosteller, 2002).Students often face very different situations which makes meeting physically not always possible, especially in case of different geographical residences. Therefore, an ever increasing number of students use web conferencing for their academic group work if they are not able to meet physically. Masochist University is very well known for its Problem-Based Learning system also known as PL. A main part of PAL is that the students have to perform different tasks within a fixed group. The tasks students need to prepare within groups demand a lot of negotiation and collaboration.Thereby, the group members need to meet either physically or collaborate 3 y using web conferencing. As mentioned, it is not always possible for students at Masochist University to meet physically because of the high number of students from different nationalities that, for example, do not stay the weekends in Masochist. Moreover, each student has his own academic and personal schedule which makes physically group meetings very challenging. Web conferencing is a new opportunity that can help students to overcome the challenges of meeting physically.Students do not need to be at the same place and can meet from any location that is most convenient to their personal schedule. Masochist university is always interested in new trends, innovation, improvements and development. As well they want to ensure and attain high quality of group work results, especially within the PL system. To generate these results, Masochist University has to consider if more space for group meetings or new working places providing web conferencing services should be created.To give answer to the question above, Masochist University wants to know if web conferencing is the best way or has at least a positive effect on the quality of group work result; especially in times where the use of web conferencing is growing exceptionally. This concern leads to the following research question that will be investigated in this study: Does web conferencing instead of physical meetings affect the quality of students academic group work results?Researching this question will give Masochist University a broader insight in the knowledge they need for helping students achieving highest quality of their group work results. Different implications from this research question for Masochist Universi ty and other institutions will be discussed in the RELEVANCE OF RESEARCH QUESTION section of this proposal. 4 3. PROBLEM ANALYSIS A research on group work and communication ethos is of high interest as student group work bears valuable benefits, such as learning synergies, enabling of critical thinking, collaboration and organization training (Folder Brent, 2001). Research on group work focuses, for example, on influences on the group work process, communication quality or efficiency (Burke, 2001). Generally, the object of these investigations are aspects related to the group work process, not the final outcome. The group work process consists of very different variables, which all influence the outcome (Noses Unmans, 2008): Individual characters have different skills, opinions and levels of competence. Group member behavior is influenced by task difficulty as well as by feelings and emotions.Additionally, external support, time restriction and requirement pressure have an effect on the groups performance. Finally, the level of acquaintance among group members matters as success is higher if group members know each other. Web solutions are advantageous in the group work process as they help overcome the limitation of people not being in the same place at the same time (Noses, 2005). Thus, people are given a high flexible way to communicate, collaborate and share information over the internet (King, 2010). The most appropriate web solution for group work is web conferencing.This is a synchronous technology that allows people to meet and collaborate online (Valises, Stark-Danes, Eva, Leveling Wingman, 2007) via software or webbed applications (licensed or free). The most popular web conferencing tool is Skips (Microsoft Live Meeting, 2007). Web conferencing consists of six main features: Audio streaming, text chat, video streaming, desktop application sharing, whiteboard and file exchange (Peters Bell, 2006). The use of web conferencing methods leads to changes in the group work process. Groups must take into consideration particular reparation and management of resources (time, equipment etc. And skills (e. G. Keyboarding) (Folder, Brent, 2001 The crucial factor 5 distinguishing web conferencing from physical meeting is distance: physical absence has been found to lead to participants perception of a cold and unsociable environment (Hiking , 2006). Social context cues cause motivation, satisfaction, and participation, but are not prevalent in virtual meetings (Burke, 2001 ). Still, whether the missing personal environment has a significant impact on a groups ability of task solving is ambiguous (Burke, 2001).Microsoft Live Meeting (2007) states that web conferencing can create a powerful environment for virtual teams that closely approximates face-to- face meetings. It leads to better and more effective communication and coordination and develops a common group memory. Moreover, web conferencing improves collective knowledge, resource sharing, diverse perspectives and inter-organizational cooperation as well as promoting greater creativity (Sumner Hosteller, 2002). As a side effect, it is very time efficient by lowering travel time (Gouger, Higgins, McIntyre, 1993).Hence, web conferencing methods are potentially increasing efficiency. Particular situations have been found to be more beneficial to these methods than others: The success of web conferencing depends on the number of group members that participate (Murphy Cashews-Carr, 2007). Structured tasks are more suited than unstructured tasks (Rice, Davidson, Dancegoer Gay, 2007). R. M. Bernard K. Lundeberg-Carroll (2001) emphasize that web conferencing improves organizational skills as greater coordination and adoption as well as the role of a moderator are needed.

The Haradh Gas Plant

This is a project that has been erected in one of the most isolated places in the universe. The plant is placed on the edge of the Rub al-Khali desert. The project was erected within six months before the allocated time. The project was completed with a 27 percent under budget. To achieve the project, well known project management processes and methodologies were applied (Haynes, 2004).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Haradh Gas Plant specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Several factors were used to measure the performance of the project. These factors included cost, and schedule. Also, quality and safety were used to measure the performance of the project (Haynes, 2004). The gas plant has been designed in such away to expand the processing capacity of the plant in the region. This is to enable it to meet the increasing demand for the natural gas. The gas plant has an intake capacity of 1.6 billion standard cubic feet every day. Also, the sales rate ranges from 1.5 cubic feet every day. These figures are high above the prevailing plants in the region. Compared with other projects the Haradh is a new generation plant. It receives a sweeter and non-associated gas mixture. This gas mixture has the capability to produce large amounts of hydrocarbon condensate. This is with comparison with other plants that process only gas streams that are sour (Haynes, 2004). The design of the Haradh gas plant is different from those in existence. In one way, the difference arises in the use of methydiethanolamine. This is used during the treatment of the gas. Also, the other difference occurs due to the incorporation of the high integrity protection systems. The systems are used are used in the flare system of the plant. Finally there is the use of hydrocarbons thermal oxidizers. The thermal oxidizers are used to destroy the pollutants from the effluent gas. The designs were taken into consideration so as to cater for the environmental health. Also, the designs were geared towards reducing the energy consumption. In addition the design aimed at reducing the capital cost.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The integration of the new technology could interfere with the working program of the project. To avoid this from taking place the project team froze the design after a period of three months. The freezing process resulted to no loss or damage. Costs were controlled during this process. This was through changing the order rate. The management was able to point out and prevent problems in advance. Also the managers concentrated on creating required work-around. In addition the managers were able to concentrate on the contingency plans (Haynes, 2004). The procuring company uses a contracting philosophy of a lump-sum turnkey. This ensures that those given the contracts can work with the novated equipments. They had a strategy of using one set of contractor in this project. This was to ensure that only one control system for the plant was installed. Novation has the advantage of eliminating long lead times (Haynes, 2004). The contractor took a risk and reduced the procurement time. Besides this novation has enabled associated engineering activities to take off with immediate effect. This is for the foundations and the calculation of the power loads. Also the utility loads have been taken care of. According to the estimates made by the contractor the project managed to save approximately four to six weeks at the time completion (Haynes, 2004). A quality index was initiated to measure the compliance of a contractor. This is with specific quality deliverables. The deliverables include documentation and the manning levels. Also they include the qualifications. This is according to the quality control supervisor.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Haradh Gas Plant specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Senior engineers often chaired quality control meetings. The meetings were for their respective project divisions. The inspection teams and the quality control managers were supposed to avail themselves in these meetings. Quality performance was addressed during these gatherings by the quality control managers. The managers were also able to address the outstanding quality problems. The gas plant project’s performance was always above the target. The target figure was 90% where the project was able to attain a final figure of 98% (Haynes, 2004). The haradh gas project emerged with the best safety performance. This was due to its zero-accident and safety charter philosophy. Also the environmental and health philosophy had a part to play. No matter the working environment nor the conditions, affected the performance of the Saudi Armco’s performance. A culture that valu ed safety had been developed within the working premises. This is despite the fact that a well equipped clinic had been constructed at the site. Qualified safety personnel had been employed to interact with the laborers. Full-time safety professionals with a lot of experience were also deployed in the site (Haynes, 2004). For the sake of communication, Saudi Aramco used intranet. This was to enable them in maintaining the databases tracking project systems. Also, this was also to enhance maintaining the mechanical completions. In addition, this helped to maintain the facility turnovers. To keep control of the completions, there required proper management of the systems through the intra-based databases (Haynes, 2004). For the sake of the future, on completion of each project phase workshops were conducted. In the workshop, a total of 300 lessons were learned. Also, the aspect of mentorship was practiced where the less experienced engineers partnered with the senior engineers. This w as to enable them in developing a presentation on a different aspect of the plant (Haynes, 2004). Reference List Haynes, M. (2004). The Haradh gas plant builds on Saudi Aramaco’s past successes by utilizing the company’s core project management practices. London: Sage.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on The Haradh Gas Plant was written and submitted by user L0rdTyger to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Concept of Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft

The Concept of Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft  are German words that mean community and society respectively. Introduced in classical social theory, they are used to discuss the different kinds of social ties that exist in small, rural, traditional societies versus large-scale, modern, industrial ones. Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft in Sociology Early German sociologist Ferdinand  Tà ¶nnies introduced the concepts of  Gemeinschaft (Gay-mine-shaft)  and  Gesellschaft  (Gay-zel-shaft) in his 1887 book  Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft. Tà ¶nnies presented these as analytic concepts which he found useful for studying the differences between the kinds of rural, peasant societies that were being replaced across Europe by modern, industrial ones.  Following this, Max Weber further developed these concepts as ideal types in his book  Economy and Society  (1921)  and in his essay Class, Status, and Party. For Weber, they were useful as ideal types for tracking and studying the changes in societies, social structure, and social order over time. The Personal and Moral Nature of Social Ties Within a  Gemeinschaft   According to  Tà ¶nnies,  Gemeinschaft, or community, is comprised of  personal social ties and in-person interactions that are defined by traditional social rules and result in an overall cooperative social organization. The values and beliefs common to a  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Gemeinschaft  are organized around appreciation for personal ties, and because of this, social interactions are personal in nature.  Tà ¶nnies believed that these kinds of interactions and social ties were driven by emotions and sentiments (Wesenwille), by a sense of moral obligation to others, and were common to rural, peasant, small-scale, homogenous societies.  When Weber wrote about these terms in  Economy and Society, he suggested that a  Gemeinschaft  is produced by the subjective feeling that is tied to affect and tradition. The Rational and Efficient Nature of Social Ties Within a  Gesellschaft On the other hand,  Gesellschaft, or society, is comprised of impersonal and indirect social ties and interactions that are not necessarily carried out face-to-face (they can be carried out via telegram, telephone, in written form, through a chain of command, etc.). The ties and interactions that characterize a  Gesellschaft  are guided by formal values and beliefs that are directed by rationality and efficiency, as well as by economic, political, and self-interests. While social interaction is guided by  Wesenwille, or seemingly naturally occurring emotions  in a  Gemeinschaft, in a  Gesellschaft,  Kà ¼rwille, or rational will, guides it. This kind of social organization is common to large-scale, modern, industrial, and cosmopolitan societies that are structured around large organizations of government and private enterprise, both of which often take the form of bureaucracies. Organizations and the social order as a whole are organized by a complex division of labor, roles, and tasks. As Weber explained, such a form of social order is the result of rational agreement by mutual consent, meaning members of society agree to participate and abide the given rules, norms, and practices because rationality tells them that they benefit by doing so. Tà ¶nnies observed that the traditional bonds of family, kinship, and religion that provide the basis for social ties, values, and interactions in a  Gemeinschaft  are displaced by scientific rationality and self-interest in a  Gesellschaft. While social relations are cooperative in a  Gemeinschaft  it is more common to find competition in a  Gesellschaft. Gemeinschaft  and  Gesellschaft  in Modern Times While it is true that one can observe distinctly different types of social organizations prior to and after the industrial age, and when comparing rural versus urban environments, its important to recognize that  Gemeinschaft  and  Gesellschaft are ideal types. This means that though they are useful conceptual tools for seeing and understanding how society works, they are rarely if ever observed exactly as they are defined, nor are they mutually exclusive. Instead, when you look at the social world around you, you are likely to see both forms of social order present. You may find that you are part of communities in which social ties and social interaction are guided by a sense of traditional and moral responsibility while simultaneously living within a complex, post-industrial society.

Placeholder Names

Placeholder Names Placeholder Names Placeholder Names By Mark Nichol A placeholder name is any one of several types of term used instead of forgotten, unknown, or irrelevant words. Such words perform various functions in several categories. For example, in social situations, words like buddy, dude, fellow (or fella), mac, and pal are colloquial stand-ins when addressing a person whose name is not known to the speaker. More formal variations are sir (for men), ma’am (for women), and miss (for younger women). Terms of endearment include baby, honey, dear, darling, and the like. Hon, short for honey, is also used in the American South as a casual term equivalent to buddy. Given names also fill this need. Jack, a nickname for John, for much of modern English history the most common male first name, was also employed in Jack Tar, identifying the common sailor. (The invented surname came about due to the ubiquity of the scent of tar among rank-and-file seamen.) John also became a slang euphemism for a prostitute’s client, because most men in this position wish to remain anonymous. Various hypothetical names serve in different social contexts: John Q. Public, originally used as a sample name on government forms, represents the typical American citizen; Joe Blow and Joe Sixpack are more colloquial versions implying an Everyman (that word itself is a placeholder name) with rudimentary sensibilities. George Spelvin is a name used by actors who for some reason do not want to reveal their names, or to disguise on a list of characters and the actors who portray them that a character does not appear in a play or is played by a person appearing in another role. The directorial equivalent is Alan Smithee, a name occasionally employed by a director who disowns a film because of studio interference in its production. Meanwhile, John Doe, Jane Roe, and the like are employed to stand in for plaintiffs in a legal case when the identity of the party is irrelevant or should be protected. Law enforcement agencies often use these types of terms as well, as when the perpetrator or the victim of a crime has not yet been identified. The geographical placeholder name Anytown, like John Q. Public, comes from sample versions of forms. Derogatory equivalents include Hicksville and Podunk for backward rural locations, and the name of the actual Illinois municipality of Peoria was also long frequently employed (and occasionally still is) to stand for communities populated by unsophisticated people who may not appreciate cultural offerings (â€Å"Will it play in Peoria?†); the real places Outer Mongolia or Timbuktu have been used to represent the ultimate in remote locales. The many number placeholders include â€Å"a ton,† buckets, heaps, oodles, and the like, or to represent smaller amounts, â€Å"a bit† or â€Å"a couple of† (or the slang variants â€Å"a couple-few† or â€Å"a couple-three†). Other words referring to large amounts include umpty and intensifiers of -illion such as zillion or kajillion. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Greek Words You Should Know20 Rules About Subject-Verb AgreementForming the Comparative of One-syllable Adjectives

Importance of Malaria Vaccine. Challenges of Malaria Vaccine Essay

Importance of Malaria Vaccine. Challenges of Malaria Vaccine - Essay Example In essence, the female anopheles mosquito transmits the plasmodium parasite. According to Coleman and Tsongalis 2009, it leaves the parasite in the human blood in the process of feeding on the blood meal. However, â€Å"Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles funestus†are the maintransmitters of malaria in human beings. All the malaria manifest through common symptoms like fever, although some patients progress to severe malaria that is often caused by the P. falciparum species. Essentially, it takes one to three days after infection for the infecting parasites to release the infection depending on their species. Additionally, merozoites are released through the lysis of infected erythrocytes with the inclusion of waste substances such as red membrane products, hemozoin pigments and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI). The infectivity of red cells by the parasite of malaria like, P. falciparum brings about progressive together with mechanical alternation of the re d cells that can deteriorate over time into the life threatening complications of malaria Although, P.falciparum has devastatingly castigated as the major contribution to severe malaria all over the world. For instance, there have been severe infections and reports of death due to infections of P. vivax and P. knowlesi. Some pathophysilogical features like sponge biomass, reset and confiscation alter formality and restraint of parasitized erythrocyte. Endothelial activation, injury, dysfunction and altered thrombostasis have been found to entail the acquisition of severe malaria. This is common in cases of P. falciparum infection (Choffnes and Relman 2011). However, malaria’s chronicity is rare and if it happens it leads to induction of sterilizing immunity. Individuals who experience repeated exposures may be in dire need of re-exposure of the parasite if cured through drug treatment. Thus, there is a need into curbing the ease into which malaria parasite are capable of inva ding human hosts while at the same time minimizing the immune response arm (Coleman and Tsongalis 2009). Basically, two models of supporting the protection against the chances of infection of malaria through vaccination exist. The first type of vaccine entails immunization with irradiated sporozoites, which are meant to ensure maximum protection against possibility of malaria infection. The other type of vaccine entails the repeated exposure to malaria that induces immunity malaria infections and effective protection against any clinical manifestation of malaria. Importance of Malaria Vaccine Malaria has been rated among the fastest killer disease all over the world. Hence, much has to be done in order to curb the disease against causing deaths especially in infants, and the old people who have weak defence system toward diseases. In essence, malaria has not been controlled by the widespread deployment of existing control tools in most endemic areas. Moreover, there has been increas ed concern on the surfacing of insecticides and anti malarial drugs (Palmer and Reeder 2001). Vaccinations are been described as relative tools that are used to deliver and have played major roles toward the elimination of rinderpest, smallpox and other similar diseases. Never the less, the malaria vaccine is expected to provide direct individual protection against malaria infection and it clinical consequences. Additionally,, it is meant to decrease the rate of transmission of malaria infections better known as herd immunity. Immunization using Irradiated Sporozoites The possibility of giving safeguard against experimental sporozoite issues through the immunization by use of radiation attenuated sporozoites is evidenced in rodents, the natural rodents’

Crtical analysis in economics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Crtical analysis in economics - Assignment Example The author puts benefit to the fact that taxing junk food would indeed reduce the rates of obesity, but he questions the duration it will take to see the positive effects. The author then comes up with a number of flaws that in his view would need to be put to consideration before implementing such policies. According to the article taxing junk food raises questions like what exactly needs to be taxed, and how long it would take to see any results. It also raises the possibility of increasing the number of obesity cases, as opposed to reducing them. The author then argues that there is the need to confirm if there is a relationship between obesity and the junk food or else the policy may fail. According to the author, obesity can be linked to lack of exercise such that if people spend more time looking for healthy foods then there will be no time for exercise hence leading to increase in obesity cases.1 The article also touches on accessibility of fresh foods especially by the poor citizens. It also talks about the fact that citizens may not be affected by the prices and will continue to buy junk food all the same. The reasoning behind taxation on junk food focuses on the assumption that it will deter people from buying it and if they do then it will offset the economic costs of managing diseases caused by these unhealthy foods. The main conditions in this case are obesity which relates to high blood pressure and other coronary diseases. The Economist agrees that indeed a tax on calories would reduce cases of obesity. However, the effect would be realized over long periods of time say 20-30 years. He gets support from Brownell, Farley et al. who confirmed that tax on sugar-sweetened beverages could reduce their consumption by around 25% and would in return reduce the cost of healthcare for obesity and overweight diseases. The Economist then goes further to analyze whether there is any relationship between intake of junk food and obesity by asking

Utopia of Art and Entertainment Essay Example for Free

Utopia of Art and Entertainment Essay The movie, Funny Face, is an enjoyable, entertaining and certainly a classic in cinema. Amidst the theatrical surface, it makes as fine material for criticism. Richard Dyer highlights this very well using the concept of ‘utopia’ in entertainment. It left a mark in the way I looked—and observed—the film from the general and critical merits. The central figures play a part in this. On one side you have Joe Stockton, an admirer of philosophy and book worm and the other in Dick Avery, who is a photographer and represents the side of entertainment. Watching the movie reinforced the notion through the numbers—the little escapades of the theatre. From the wonderful dancing, catchy songs and overall tug of war, the numbers performed by Joe, Avery and the rest of the cast were in what Dyer would point out to be contradictions—between entertainment and art. In the case of the movie, these contradictions are seen and most notably in many forms—some appear direct and some indirect. The number, â€Å"Clap Yo Hands† played during the infiltration of the ‘emphaticalist’ lecture house was one such form that resonate a direct sense of opposing—perhaps persuadingan atmosphere to change tone. From the dim, gray, contemplative mood to the upbeat and entertaining force that enters the room itself, art became a stage where entertainment could escape and simply enter into the frame—all in the process of a dance number. A notice of these numbers and one can see an implied tug of war between the subtlety of artistic pursuits (the purpose of Joe) and entertainment overtones (the purpose of Dick and his cohorts). The numbers become signs in themselves, seemingly because of the theatrical non-representative elements in the dance form—in the beat, rhythm and music selection. These little details construct a ‘meaning’ for the audience and influence it as well—a happier finds its value in entertainment, which overrides the feeling of the dreary. It was certainly a delight to have seen such a classic in Funny Face—from the classy costumes, entertaining dances to the subtle humor and introspections one can get from it.

Disseminating Democratic Education Now :: Democracy Politics Education Essays

Disseminating Democratic Education Now The subject of disseminating democratic education is important and urgent, chiefly because the topic of the transfer of democracy is vital. and even urgently so. And yet no transfer of democracy is possible without some large-scale democratic education. Of course, to that end we must stick to basics, as time and efficiency may make the difference between success and failure. For, there are few occasions given for democratization, and they are always all to brief, as the bitter experience of the current United States administration of Iraq has learned the hard way. It is reasonable to emulate all sorts of aspects of the democratic way of life on the reasonable assumption that they may help democratization. For example, there is little doubt that even viewing cheap Hollywood movies may help. But we need not be social or political scientists to know that this is a poor diet as far as democratic education go. And the Iraqi people will not democratize by viewing movies or television. Neve rtheless, quite possibly this is the most efficient way to disseminate democracy. Under what conditions this is so and how much time it requires? These are vital questions. They were not discussed, as far as my little knowledge goes. There is, on the whole, little literature about the vital topic of the transfer of democracy even though it is so topical today, particularly for ones who are concerned with the fate of Iraq. There is even less literature about the vital topic of education for democracy even in a democratic society. I read recently a remark about the paucity of this kind of literature, but I need not refer to any particular source. Anyone who has minimal internet literacy can seek on the internet democratic education or education for democracy, or democratization and see how poor is the state of the art. There is a good reason for this. One might suggest that the reason is simply intellectual poverty, but this is not the case. Even some interesting and bold ideas are no t studied and not taken up. For example, the plan of President Habib Borguiba of Tunis for shipping thousands of youths to democratic countries for a couple of years. There was much talk once about it -- in the wake of the reeducation of German youths after World War II. This plan is admittedly too costly and it is even an expression of despair, of utter ignorance of how democratic practices can be transferred without the transfer of its carriers.

Rising Unemployment in Pakistan

Unemployment is enforced idleness of wage earner who is able and willing to work but cannot find jobs. In societies like Pakistan where most people earn their living only by working for others being unable to find a job is a serious problem. In Pakistan population pressure lower the economic growth rate and resulting in poor or slow growth of country economy. According to the survey report the rate of unemployment in 1998 was 5. 50 percent which increased to 7. 82 percent by the year 2003. Thus the rate of unemployment in rural areas was 5 percent which increased to 69 4 percent, while the rate of unemployment in urban area was than 9 percent which increased to 9. 9 percent by 2003. In Pakistan 50 percent of our population is composed of women who are treated as out of the work force. Unemployment in Pakistan is increasing due to various causes but if these things can be controlled than unemployment rate can automatically decline. Rapid Population Growth: Rapid growth in the population is the main factor which is worsening the situation, but Pakistan is one of the most populated countries of the world with annual growth rate being nearly 3 percent. It means that about 1 million workers are added yearly to the existing labour force which calls for creating job opportunities. Increase in population contributed much in rising unemployment rate in Pakistan and if the population growth keep on increasing with the same ratio than it will create more problems. Uncertainty and unrest in the country: Uncertainty and unrest in Pakistan and the worsening law and order situation has played an important role in transferring the business to other countries, no foreign investors feel secure in investing in such a country in which their businesses are not secure. In Pakistan due to weak political system and unstable government structure. No foreign companies want to invest in unrest environment which become the cause of unemployment because of lack of jobs opportunities in the country. Karachi is the biggest industrial base of Pakistan, but investors are reluctant to invest there because of unrest and violence. If we really want to reduce unemployment rate in Pakistan so first steps should be taken for controlling the worst law and order situation in the country. Education system of Pakistan Deplorably low rate of literacy and deterioration in standard of education in the educational institutions contributed much in increasing unemployment rate. Our educational system is also responsible for increasing unemployment rate among the educated youth. Education system is divided into different categories. Students studying in government institutions will be less aware about the new technologies, ideas for surviving in this competitive world and unemployment rate is higher among such students. Besides education the attitude of our youth towards the choice of a career is unrealistic and unproductive. Rapid mechanization and computer technology also causing unemployment. Pressure on one Industry: In country like Pakistan where resources are not equally distributed in all sectors of the industry so in this way pressure on one particular industry and profession is a natural outcome. Previously for girls medical profession was the best choice and for boys engineering was the best options but now with the industrialization and urbanization things are changing with the boom of new technologies new industries are emerging and making the values in the market, I. T field is one of it and majority of the young generation want to join I. T industry and want to pursue it as a career because of availability of resources and it’s rising scope. So things are not handled in appropriate manner, as the vacancies are less but job seekers are more than. After I. T young generation are running behind commerce industry and majority of them have the degrees of MBA and BBA but their degrees are not paying them despite of the fact that they had paid huge fees and time in completing the degree and hoping for the better future in this field, but in return they didn’t get the 100 percent results which was expected by them. So, pressure on few industries results in lack of opportunities and work force in other sectors and they become the neglected sectors of society because no one is willing to pursue the career in them. Importance of all industries should be highlighted and equal opportunities and facilities should be provided in all sectors so that no particular industry or profession face the burden which later on results in job shortage and unemployment. Economic Depression: Another reason why unemployment occurs is when there is a great economic depression, or now becomes famous with the term â€Å"global recession†. When economy fall down, many are becoming affected, most especially the employees. During this kind of situation, employer and other business owners will be force to reduce their workers in order to cope up with the right wages of the workers. There are so many causes why people become unemployed. However, the answer to this problem is still within your decision. Bear in mind that being unemployed can be voluntary or involuntary, thus, you can still make the best choice for your life, and that is to be employed or to remain unemployed and jobless at all. Whatever the cause of being unemployed if a person will still pursues to look for a job and become employed then there is no reason for you to stay unemployed. Some Suggestions: Economic Revival package should announce by the government for the revival of industries sector, to stimulate production and investment. Government should try to boost exports through broadening the tax base and lowering tariffs. Government should announce multiple packages for the development of agriculture sector. A number of fiscal and monetary measures should take attract industrialists and particularly foreign investment. Technical training facilities should be provided. In this way unemployed people will get a chance to enhance their skills and become able to earn more reason able income.

Augusta and Ncwo Essay

This report analyses the case study about â€Å"Augusta National Golf Club and NCWO battle for admitting female membership†. Mainly, this report will examine and identify the communication traits and flaws that can be found in this case study and will provide solutions and what should be done rather than taking a stand on who is right and wrong. Therefore, all the communications between Augusta’s Chairman, Mr. Johnson, NCWO’s Chairwoman, Ms. Burk, the CEOs of Sponsor companies, the Augusta members and the media were researched and studied. Furthermore, this report mainly uses secondary data such as newspaper articles and journals to support the arguments and ideas. Moreover, the core purposes of this report is to evaluate the interactions and point out some communication management factors and flaws from this dispute, set it as an example and provide solutions to be improved in the future business communication. Main body Augusta, the private golf club Augusta is the private golf club which its culture and membership are mainly reflected on its prestige and exclusiveness. Moreover, members of Augusta join the club to satisfy mutual interests and to fulfil the social needs and the need for self-esteem such as being a part of the highly regarded golf club in the country. Because it is a private club, it holds its legal rights to choose its own members. (Peraino, 2002). Furthermore, the club clearly specified the club (team) norms (obligation, preference and prohibition) such as â€Å"members are required to sign an agreement not to speak about the club† and have to withhold the membership information to the outsiders. Saporito). Therefore, Augusta organizational control can be identified as a bureaucratic control system where the Chairman, Mr. Johnson has the ultimate power to dominate the club’s affairs. NCWO On the other hand, the NCWO’s sole purpose is to promote women rights and members join the committee to achieve security and satisfy their mutual interests. As you can see from the case, Ms. Burk, the chair of NCWO usually do the decision making for the committee. Although the decision making criteria are not formally discussed in the case or in the media (newspaper articles), we can assume that NCWO lacks the rational decision making process in groups such as orientation, discussion, decision making and implementation. Also, in his article Munching (2002) states that â€Å"she (Burk) forgot to ask herself one question: What women want to do? † which clarify the lack of communication between members of the group and its chair. The dispute The offensive approach and the vulgar feedback It can be seen in the case that without deeply analysing the situation, Ms. Burk took an offensive approach demanding and insisting on female membership, base mainly on the speech about â€Å"inclusion of women in Augusta† by Mr. Lloyd Ward. Moreover, Augusta’s Chair, Mr. Johnson also gave a vulgar feedback to this demand which sparks into a dispute of gender issue. Moreover, negative impressions between them were formed on limited information and stereotyping where Burk is seems as the trouble maker and Johnson as the rigid discriminator. Therefore, this miscommunication and poor transaction of messages led to unnecessary conflicts and egotism of the two corresponding Chairs. The Sponsors, members and Burk When the direct demand fails, Burk took the indirect persuasion and argumentation approach through the Augusta’s sponsors for its prime event, the Masters. She appealed to CEOs of sponsor companies like Citigroup, IBM, Coca-cola, Cadillac and CBS using generalisation and cause-effect relationship methods of arguments to boycott the Masters. For example, she praised their stance in gender discrimination within their firm and point out the possible public opinion in the involvement with the Masters. However, only Citigroup and Coca-cola agreed to help her and these decisions can be seen as corporate social responsibility to raise their public images. On the other hand, others remain neutral to avoid uncertainties involving in the dispute. Moreover, she turns to persuade the members of Augusta, who are highly regarded CEOs of the corporate world. However, with them she used the illegitimate methods of arguments such as appeal to the masses and â€Å"ad hominem† whereby she threatens them and their organization by claiming to reveal the membership list and the â€Å"daily anecdotes of gender discriminations in their (members’) companies†. (2005). For instance, it is noted in Peraino’s (2002) article that â€Å"she told Newsweek that â€Å"We’ve already done quite a bit on the public-embarrassment front†Ã¢â‚¬ . In addition, she even tried to convince Tiger Wood not to participate in the Masters but he too was â€Å"criticized for suggesting that Augusta has a right to its exclusionary policies† (Gutner, 2002). Therefore, one can clearly see from the case study that Burk used many deductive logics and generalisations in influencing and communicating with the sponsors, the members and the players. Burk and Johnson From the start, Mr. Johnson strongly showed his assertiveness as well as his aggressiveness for his club and its membership rules. However, one can recognize the cognitive dissonances from Mr. Johnson’s feedbacks and replies where he imposed denials and unwillingness to change the traditional rules and culture. Moreover, this effect can also be found in Saporito’s article, as â€Å"he booted the Masters’ sponsors–Citigroup, Coca-Cola and IBM–so the companies wouldn’t face criticism by association† and adopted the commercial free move. In addition, Johnson and Burk took hold of some perceptual biases against each other and some of these are selective perception where both of them ignored each other’s rational reasons. Furthermore, stereotyping can clearly be seen between them where they posed each other as threats and arch enemies. Conclusion and results In conclusion, one can identify more communication flaws than the benefits in his case. This is mainly because the poor usage of appropriate communication features and the channels used to communicate, for example, Burk main communication channel with her advocates and opponents is through letters. Moreover, narcissism and egotism also got involved later in the dispute where both of the Chairs started to address and confront each other comments and feedback harshly rather than solving the dispute. (Munching, 2002). As a result, Johnson acquired victory by reasoning through generalization and analogy among private clubs and sororities claiming its legal rights to choose its own members. The dispute between Mr. Johnson (Augusta Golf Club) and Ms. Burk (NCWO) is very phenomenal in indicating miscommunications between two unfriendly organizations. As for the recommendations for this case, since the start, both parties should use more subtle and civil approaches to address the problem to each other and discuss in person how to compromise the situation. For example, Shiflett (2003) implies in his article that Augusta never meant to discriminate and it is only following its highly constructed social role as an all male-club. Moreover, they should utilize more â€Å"lateral thinking†, avoid what is right and wrong and conclude to the best possible solution. In addition, Burk should change her persuasion techniques towards more â€Å"features-benefits mix† and should drop her deductive logic on women rights and organizations. Furthermore, both of them should leave out their egotisms and stereotypical perceptions when dealing with the gender issue. On the other hand, while confronting with the members she should shows cause-effect relationships of their inaction and argues upon their specific reasoning. Munching, 2002). As for Mr. Johnson reactions, he should be more aware on the public images of the club and its members. Moreover, Augusta’s individual orientation of culture should swap with a more collective one where all stakeholders can give out their opinions. Last but not least, the channels used for communication in this case should be changed into more personal and face to face l ike personal meetings or through telephone. This was even suggested by Tiger Wood that â€Å"they’d sit down together and all would be resolved†. (Munching, 2002).

JET Task 3 Essay

JET Task 3 Essay JET Task 3 Essay JET 2 Task 3 Competition Bikes is considering expanding to Canada and possibly acquiring Canadian Biking Inc. or merging with the company. Competition Bikes needs to make sure that the demand is high in Canada for the products being sold. Competition Bikes needs to ensure that Canadian Biking is financially stable and has future potential for growth without risking bankruptcy. Competition Bikes would also need to research capital structure, working capital and capital budget to determine if there is possibility in profitability of expanding, or merging with Canadian Biking or even acquiring the Canadian company. A1. Capital Structure â€Å"Is a mix of a company's long-term debt, specific short-term debt, common equity and preferred equity. The capital structure is how a firm finances its overall operations and growth by using different sources of funds (Investopedia, 2015).† Competitions Bikes equity is considered common or preferred stocks, and its debt is considered long term loans and bonds. If Competition Bikes is looking to expand it has to ensure that they have the proper capital structure allowing the company to maximize return on investment, maximize cash flow, and be able to pay of accrued debts. Competition Bikes should consider five options of capital structure that will allow that company to produce the highest earnings per share, ensuring that shareholders will continue to invest and be satisfied with the outcome. Supporting a reliable net income will allow the company to keep the interest of shareholders. Earnings per share will used to monitor the capital structure of the company, this metho d will allow the company to show its financial decisions and how they can impact stockholders and shareholders. That’s why it is important to have strong earnings per share to keep shareholders interested in continuing investing in Competition Bikes. If shareholders are happy and seeing profits made on their shares they will most likely keep investing in the company. Another aspect the Competition Bikes needs to consider is the inherent risks associated with capital structure. The first option for capital structure is the consideration of using bonds which are fixed at a 9% interest. Although using bonds can be a risky avenue of approach due to having to pay the full amount loaned by a specific date. If the company is facing financial struggles it will still have to make it’s payments on the bonds loaned. Having fixed interest rates on the bonds is not always good due to interest rates being high and the company generally pays out its interest semi-annually, which can affect the company’s income. The benefits of using bonds are that companies can use them as a tax deductible. This would be a benefit for smaller companies that would rather not use equity and find it easier to manage the payments over the year. What Competition Bikes needs to consider is that they want to expand with a company that is already in the market and not wanting to start a new company in the market. With the new expansion Competition Bikes will not guarantee that thei r profits will increase exponentially in the future. With this option Competition Bikes will be creating more debt to fund the expansion and may be potentially using its new source of income to pay its debt and not being able to use its additional source of income to their likings. If Competition Bikes does decide to use this capital structure option it will break down as follows: Year 9 0.016 Year 10 0.031 Year 11 0.046 Year 12 0.062 Year 13 0.071 Shareholders will be experiencing a total of 0.226 earnings per share over a 5 year period. This calculation was utilized using earnings before interest & tax (EBIT), (Investopedia, 2015). Even though the earnings per share show potential Competition Bikes has several other options it can utilize that have less risk and higher earnings per share. The second option for capital structure is that Competition Bikes uses stocks to

How to Apply for a US Passport

How to Apply for a US Passport Applying for a US passport can be simple or it can be ​a  crash course in bureaucracy. You want simple. Best advice? Learn the rules, assemble everything you need before you apply for your US passport and apply at least 6 weeks before your trip. US Passport  - Do You Need One? All US citizens traveling anywhere outside the United States will need a passport. All children regardless of age, including newborns and infants, must have their own passport. There are special requirements for all minors ages 16 17. A U.S Passport is not required for direct travel within the 50 States (including Hawaii, Alaska, and District of Columbia) and U.S Territories (Puerto Rico, Guam, U.S Virgin Islands, Northern Mariana Islands, American Samoa, Swains Island). However, if you are traveling to a U.S. State or Territory through another country (for example, traveling through Canada to go to Alaska, or, traveling through Japan to go to Guam), a passport may be required. Also be sure to read the following information on requirements for travel to Mexico, Canada or the Caribbean. Important: Travel to Mexico, Canada or the Caribbean Under the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (WHTI) of 2009, most U.S. Citizens returning to the United States from Mexico, Canada or the Caribbean at sea or land ports of entry must have a passport, passport card, Enhanced Driver’s License, Trusted Traveler Program card or other travel document approved by the Department of Homeland Security. It is advised that you refer to the U.S. State Departments Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative information website when planning travel to Mexico, Canada or the Caribbean. US Passport - Applying in Person You must apply for a US passport in person if: You are applying for your first U.S. passport orYou are under age 16 orYour previous U.S. passport was issued when you were under age 16 orYour previous U.S. passport was lost, stolen, or damaged orYour previous U.S. passport was issued more than 15 years ago orYour name has changed since your US passport was issued and you are unable to legally document your name change Also note that there are special rules for all minors under age 16 and all minors age 16 and 17. Proof of US Citizenship Required When applying for a U.S. passport in person, you will need to provide proof of US citizenship. The following documents will be accepted as proof of US citizenship: Previously issued, undamaged US passportCertified birth certificate issued by the city, county or state of birthConsular Report of Birth Abroad or Certification of BirthNaturalization CertificateCertificate of Citizenship If you do not have primary evidence of U.S. citizenship or your birth certificate does not meet the requirements, you can submit an acceptable form of Secondary Evidence of US Citizenship. NOTE: Effective April 1, 2011, the U.S. Department of State began requiring the full names of the applicants parent(s) to be listed on all certified birth certificates to be considered as primary evidence of U.S. citizenship for all passport applicants, regardless of age. Certified birth certificates missing this information are no longer acceptable as evidence of citizenship. This did not affect applications already in-process that had been submitted or accepted before April 1, 2011. See: 22 CFR 51.42(a) US Passport Application Form You will also need to fill out, but not sign, Form DS-11: Application for a U.S. Passport. This form must be signed in the presence of the Passport Agent. The DS-11 form may also be filled out online. US Passport Photographs You will need to provide two (2) identical, passport-quality photographs with you application for a US passport. Your US Passport Photographs Must Be: Identical and in color2 x 2 inches in sizeTaken within the past 6 months, showing current appearanceFull face, front view with a plain white or off-white backgroundBetween 1 inch and 1 3/8 inches from the bottom of the chin to the top of the headTaken in normal street attireUniforms should not be worn in photographs except religious attire that is worn dailyDo not wear a hat or headgear that obscures the hair or hairlineIf you normally wear prescription glasses, a hearing device, wig or similar articles, they should be worn for your pictureDark glasses or nonprescription glasses with tinted lenses are not acceptable unless you need them for medical reasons (a medical certificate may be required)Vending machine photos are not generally acceptable Proof of Identification Required When you apply for a US passport in person, you will need to present at least one acceptable form of identification, including: Previously issued, undamaged US passportValid Drivers LicenseNaturalization CertificateCurrent government ID (city, state or federal)Current Military ID (military and dependents) Where to Apply in Person for a US Passport: You can apply in person for a US passport at any Passport Acceptance Facility (usually a Post Office). Processing Fees for a US Passport When you apply for a US passport, you will need to pay the current US passport processing fee. You can also request expedited US passport processing for an additional $60.00 fee. Need Your US Passport Fast?   If you need expedited processing of your application for a US passport, the State Department strongly suggests you schedule an appointment. How Long Will it Take? Current processing times for US passport applications can be found on the State Departments Applications Processing Times web page. Once you have applied for a US passport, you can check the status of your application online. US Passport - Renew by Mail You can apply to renew your US passport by mail if your current US passport: is undamaged and can be submitted with your applicationWas issued when you were age 16 or olderWas issued within the last 15 yearsWas issued in your current name or you can legally document your name change If all of the above are true, you can renew your US passport by mail. Otherwise, you must apply in person. Requirements for Passport Applicants with Puerto Rican Birth Certificates As of October 30, 2010, the Department of State no longer accepts Puerto Rican birth certificates issued prior to July 1, 2010, as primary proof of U.S. citizenship for a U.S. passport book or passport card. Only Puerto Rican birth certificates issued on or after July 1, 2010, will be accepted as primary evidence of U.S. citizenship. The requirement does not affect Puerto Ricans who already hold a valid U.S. passport. The Government of Puerto Rico recently passed a law invalidating all Puerto Rican birth certificates issued prior to July 1, 2010, and replacing them with enhanced security birth certificates with features to combat passport fraud and identity theft.

John Mclaughlin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

John Mclaughlin - Essay Example f 8 years old, McLaughlin became inspired of learning to play musical instruments when one of his brothers listened to Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony from a radio station (Stump, p. 12). A year later, McLaughlin had the privilege to learn how to play the violin and piano (Christian Pegand). After three years of playing the violin and piano, he started to dream of becoming a good guitarist. His dream of playing the guitar started on the day when his brothers started to play blues of Bill Broonzy (Christian Pegand; Stump, p. 12). This made McLaughlin became more exposed to the music of Leadbelly, Muddy Waters, and Sonny Terry among others (Stump, p. 12). aware of the music industry (Stump, p. 12). Inspired with religious and cultural music in India and other Western classical music, McLaughlin became a famous jazz and classical guitarist that plays a wide-range of music styles and genres (Cal Performances). Because of McLaughlin’s passion to make other people happy by listening to his music, he exerted a lot of effort in terms of improving his knowledge and skills in playing musical instruments (Stump, p. 10). Later on, he became proficient in playing the violin and guitar (Stump, p. 13). During the late 50s, McLaughlin played some musical instruments together with Peter Deuchar – the banjoist and his professors of Ragtime (Christian Pegand; Stump, p. 13). Before McLaughlin reached the age of 15 years old, he was very actively leading a band in school (Stump, p. 13). All this happened before he decided to go to London where he pursued his dream of being able to play in a rock and blues band. His decision to leave the school band was very much influenced by Miles Davis’ album â€Å"Milestones† which was released in the market back in 1957 (Stump, p. 13). McLaughin’s exposure on blues music started when he reached London during the early part of 1960s (Stump, p. 15). Since then, McLaughlin took every chance he gets to have a jamming or recording sessions with

Comprehensive Policy Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Comprehensive Policy - Research Paper Example According to 1848 Supreme court ruling, some of the cruel and unusual punishment prohibited by this amendment include beheading, drawing, and burning alive among others. Despite the fact that most of these forms of punishment are no longer being practiced, the scope of protection of the inmates against inhuman treatment remains unchanged. Consequently, any punishment that violates the dignity of an inmate is prohibited by the constitution. Additionally, the pretrial detainees who are unable to afford bail have a constitutional right to be housed facilities that are humane and can not be treated or punished as guilty persons while they are still awaiting trials. On the other hand, the equal protection clause found in the 14th amendment of the constitution has also been used in numerous occasions to defend the rights of inmates. The clause particularly protects inmates against any form of unequal treatment on the basis of creed, race, and sex. This policy paper provided a comprehensive overview of the rights of inmates and the policy recommendations that can be used by correctional officers during the decision making processes in correctional facilities. The basic rights of inmates Despite their imprisonment or confinement, inmates often retain some rights. On of the basic rights of prisoners afforded by the constitution is the right to access fair court representation. Prisoners also retain their fundamental right of bodily integrity; therefore, Correctional officers must always ensure that inmates are not assaulted. For example, in 1962 a court ruling on the case of Robin v. California extended the provisions of the eighth amendment regarding the protection of inmates against cruel and unusual punishment to states (Rudovsky & Bronstein, 2008). Additionally, according to the current constitutional provisions, the only civil rights that inmates may lose are those that are taken away by the necessary implication or expressly by a constitutional act. Apart from pro tection against cruel and unusual punishment provided by the eighth amendment, federal laws also accord inmates a number of freedoms, such as the freedom of religion, speech and the right to equal protection under the federal and state laws with no regard to any discriminatory factors (Smith, 2000). Both the federal and state correctional facilities are only allowed to limit any of the basic rights of the prisoners if it is confirmed necessary for security of the correctional facility, crime prevention, and security as well as to protect the security of the inmate or others. Any limitation of the basic rights of inmates should be proportionate to the objectives that the correctional officers are seeking to achieve. Although the courts often rule in favor of correctional facilities and prison establishments involved in curtailing the civil rights of inmates, such rulings are generally intended to help in the maintenance of order and inmates retain their right to low but basic standar ds of living; they have a legal right to complain if they feel that their rights are being violated. In the Procunier v. Martinez (1974), a number of prisoners challenged the censorship of mails directed to inmates. The court ruled that any restriction on the freedom of speech of inmates should

International Business - the Porters diamond Assignment

International Business - the Porters diamond - Assignment Example The strategic conditions, demand conditions, strategic structure and competition, supporting industries of both countries needed to be weighed to enter into a new market. Some propositions in Diamond are double edged. For instance when competition is taken into consideration, the firm thrives and will be competent when it wins over the competitors in the rivalry. But the looser is also was in the same environment and the rivalry did not help the company as it does to the winning company. This tells us that the utilisation and reinforcing of the forces and circumstances mentioned in the diamond is the crux of the situation concerned. So the firm has to decide what type of rivalry it can face and win over it. When coming to supporting industries, the presence of them really make company competitive and reduction of expenditure on transportation can be made possible. But this is the common advantage for all identical industries in that area or zone. Another point of concern is that Port er's views are for developed economies and firms only. (Because he did not mention about the areas having no sophisticated customers and about MNC s dealing with different atmospheres or environments of Industry.) When the firm is facing a different type of market (also containing sophisticated customers) it should have a strategy to cope up with the different type of marketing environment. Strengths and Weaknesses of Porter's Diamond The Porter's Diamond consists of conditions which demand competence, conditions which drive the management to move forward, supporting and related industries and structure, planning and competition. In case of factor conditions consists of labour, land, natural resources, capital and infrastructure. Here the argument of Porter is that the conditions must be created according to the need of the company. The labour must be transformed into skilled labour. The capital must be substantial and in the case of natural resources the firm must have access to the fore most quality resources. If the firm is not successful reforming labour into skilled one, did not utilise the capital properly or did not garner it from the public in a time bound manner, then the strength of the factor conditions turns into weakness. The company's strength lies in making the general factors specialised. This involves investing more money and managing it well. So here the strength of the factor conditions lies in managing capital, labour and natural resources in a productive way. When there is any labour shortage, the company should manage to work with less labour and more technology. Here technological advancement which needs more capital comes to the fore. The managing of technology needs some good technicians and managers, though less in number to make it strength. If not it turns to be a weakness. When considering about lack of land and resources, the industry of Japan is making utmost use of technology to overcome the crisis of lack of natural resources. Here the weakness is transformed into strength. On the other hand in the present the US based firm has existence in the area of having more resources and is moving to the area of substantial resources. So it should have a strategy to make use of them to enhance productivity. When it decides not to move out of US it can think of exporting its goods to that country. But

Gender Comparison of Sporting Athletes

Gender Comparison of Sporting Athletes Viraj Tamakuwala Emily McCullogh Awarding of unequal prize money to female athletes in sporting competitions compared to males A majorly debated topic in the sporting world is the unequal compensation of female athletes. The first and most given reasoning for the unfair compensation of female athletes to males is that their performance isnt at par with the males. That reasoning is often expanded to bring in the belief that sports are associated with masculinity and that men have been the ones to play sports since the old ages. Which leads to the debate of the athletes body remaining feminine while participating in sports and events. Another argument that the women sports dont generate enough revenues and interests. This essay will expand and provide studies and articles that support the claims and then provide solutions now in place to remove or minimize the gap as well as criticisms of the claims. The difference in performance of women athletes is debatable but there are researches that suggest, that there is a gap. A study done by Thibault, et al.(2010) on the performance levels of athletes from 1983 till 2010 suggests that women present lower record values than men and that it is influenced by the sex of the individual. The study further states that womens performances will remain inferior to mens till the both reach their physiological maximums. In addition, the study goes to use formulas to show and express the differences and the gap of the performances, it just concludes that its impossible for women to catch up to men as the gender gaps in sport performance has been stable and remain that way for the foreseeable future (Thibault, et al., 2010). Government of Ontario recognizes the sport performance gap, in its Game ON The Governments sport plan which states that the sport participation of women drops dramatically by age and the closing of the gap is the top priority of the plan. It recognizes that the gap is not only due to interest and abilities but rather social, economic, and cultural barriers (Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport, 2016). That statement would make the possibility that potential female athletes are unable to participate in sports at that level of competition and in response hides the females that would be able to close or shorten the gender performance gap. This relates directly to the points made by Dr. Hernan Humana, in Kine1000 lectures on February 6 and 8 , 2016 where he argued of that the performance, structure and culture of gender causes socialization which directly affects the point of view of the males towards the females and their roles in sports and society, and giving the example of the girls soccer team having a pink uniform. The roles of females in sports and society is the main controlling factor for the unequal compensation. Women tend to be socially constructed to be weak or lazy as they dont tend to engage in physical activity, but then the females who are athletes are stuck between two worlds, the sports world which requires a strong and healthy body and the social world which requires them to have femininity to be accepted in society (Krane, Choi, Baird, Aimar, Kauer, 2004). The study on the topic states that they are living in a paradox of dual identity between the two world where the emphasis is keeping the hegemonic view of femininity while having the body or muscularity needed for the sport, many times this paradox is said to be causing an increased negative behaviours such as poor body image, eating disorders or stress and in some cases causing the athlete to quit the sport (Krane, Choi, Baird, Aimar, Kauer, 2004). This is no only limited to the field or sporting grounds but to the homes and society that they live in, It is made extremely clear that these female athletes mostly when professional are treated differently and their success comes at the price of their image as the book talks about personal experiences of these females as some them are lesbians (Lenskyj, 2003). While this bring on the discrimination based on sexuality, which is also being fought against by the government as it is stated that athletes from sexual minorities are very unlikely to participate in sports (Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport, 2016). Furthermore, to support the female athletes as well women engaged as coaches and officials, Sport Canada has put of policies and plans to work towards an Equitable and Quality sport environment (Sports Canada, 2015). They are doing this by providing training and opportunities to both coaches and athletes to perform and present themselves at higher competitions than available before, for example government funding is only provided to sport organizati ons which state their commitment to women in sports (Sports Canada, 2015). The most logical argument for the unfair pay of female athletes is that they dont provide enough revenue and interest as compared to men. The cause is media, as women athletes have not been covered I may sports or events, most of the time we wouldnt even know that there was a female competitor for the competition or even a team for the sport as it would be covered in minimal amounts if any coverage at all (Messner, Duncan, Cooky, 2003). The media coverage is having a gradual increase in the coverage while seeing an relative increased effort to increase audience and heavy promoting of mens sports, furthermore the commentary is also male dominant to reinforce that sports with masculinity (Messner, Duncan, Cooky, 2003). This relates back the guest lecture by Paul Jones where he answered that media shows us what we want to see as they will cover it while telling us what we should be interested in, and that it works both ways as its more of a cycle which is hard to break (October 24, 20 16). It is found that men who watch sports are more to invested to it and engaged in it as its a way for them to unwind and become involved in the drama and excitement of the game or sport (Gantz Wenner, 1991). Meanwhile the females are likely to be found watching sports due to companionship from their male friends, family or counterparts, in addition it was found that the more it was covered the more both men and women watched it more (Gantz Wenner, 1991). That proves Paul Jones point which states that media covers what we want to see and the more they cover it the more people watch and that its a total cycle which works negatively for the female athletes. The solution for this is simple and it is that viewers should go to or start become interested in female sports and events, if there are viewers who are interested then media will cover it and then cycle shall start for the females and then revenue and interest both would increase. In conclusion, the unequal compensation of female athletes in sporting competitions is a critical and important problem and that government and organizations fully support the advancement of women in the sports industry. The largest barrier is the media, which is also the best method to get them equal and fair pay either through creating larger interest through covering female sports and events which in return will to reward them in the future or follow the interest of the crowd which could be changing as even the smaller coverages of the female sports is creating interest and awareness that they exist. The government has a large role in this fight towards equity and equality it is showing effect slowly but effectively. The day when the compensation will equal as well as the gap between the genders declining as opportunity is given. References Gantz, W., Wenner, L. A. (1991). Men, women, and sports: Audience experiences and effects. Journal of Brodcasting Electronic Media, 35(2), 233-243. doi:10.1080/08838159109364120 Krane, V., Choi, P. Y., Baird, S. M., Aimar, C. M., Kauer, K. J. (2004). Living the Paradox: Female Athletes Negotiate Femininity and Muscularity. Sex Roles, 50(5), 315-329. doi:10.1023/B:SERS.0000018888.48437.4f Lenskyj, H. (2003). Out on the field : gender, sport and sexualities. Toronto, ON: Womens Press. Messner, M. A., Duncan, M. C., Cooky, C. (2003). Silence, Sports Bras, And Wrestling Porn. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 27(1), 38-51. doi:10.1177/0193732502239583 Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport. (2016). Game ON The Ontario Governments Sport Plan. Ottawa, ON: Queens Printer for Ontario. Sports Canada. (2015). Actively Engaged: A Policy on Sport for Women and Girls. Retrieved from Government Of Canada: http://canada.pch.gc.ca/eng/1414511367652/1414602693839 Thibault, V., Guillaume, M., Berthelot, G., Helou, N. E., Schaal, K., Quinquis, L., . . . Toussaint, J.-F. (2010). Women and Men in Sport Performance: The Gender Gap has not Evolved since 1983. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 9(2), 214-223.

Comparing the South Beach Diet and Food Pyramid Recommendations :: Health Nutrition Diet Exercise Essays

Comparing the South Beach Diet and Food Pyramid Recommendations   Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Recently, new ideas for diet and weight loss, such as the South Beach low carbohydrate diet, have been replacing the previously chosen ideas, particularly, the Food Pyramid. Both eating patterns recommend consuming larger quantities of some food groups than others, although which groups varies between the diets. The former emphasis on diet and exercise is also beginning to shift with the new diet choices.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In previous years to lose weight a person was told to eat â€Å"healthier†, lower caloric intake, and exercise more. Many of these advocates promoted the food pyramid. The food pyramid, completed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, recommends 6-11 servings from the â€Å"bread, cereal, rice, and pasta† group, 3-5 servings from the â€Å"vegetable† group, 2-4 servings from the â€Å"fruit† group, 2-3 servings from both the â€Å"milk, yogurt, and cheese† group and the â€Å"meat, poultry, fish, beans, eggs, and nuts group,† and â€Å"fats, oils, and sugars† are to be consumed â€Å"sparingly.† Serving sizes can be found on the label of most food products under the Nutrition Facts. Obviously, with the food pyramid, it is recommended that the group with the highest consumption per day should be from the bread, cereal, rice and pasta group, or the foods with the highest portion of carbohydrates.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The South Beach diet does not recommend specific quantities of any one group. The diet consists of three phases. Phase one is the strictest phase with a very low intake of carbohydrates. Bread, cereal, rice, and pasta are completely excluded from the diet for two weeks. Instead, the initial two weeks consists mostly of eating meat, poultry, fish, eggs, cheese, and nuts. Phase two begins by reintroducing â€Å"good† carbs back into the diet. Good carbs include fruits and sparing consumption of whole wheat/grain bread and cereal. Phase two lasts until a person reaches their goal weight. Phase three is a maintenance phase in which a person takes everything they have learned and makes it a lifestyle change. Arthur Agatston, the cardiologist credited with the South Beach diet says that if you crave something in phase three you

Singapore’s Political, Economic, and Social

I will be conducting my research paper Singapore Political, Economic, and Social Organization. The method that I will use to gather my information will be ethnology. Ethnology is Comparative study of cultures with the aim of presenting analytical generalizations within the context of that society. Singapore is a postindustrial society that has a parliamentary republic with a Westminster system of unicameral parliamentary government representing Constitution. Singapore officially gaining sovereignty in 1965, its politics has been dominated by the People’s Action Party (PAP). Singapore, under the leadership of the PAP, possesses a distinct political culture: authoritarian, pragmatic, rational and legalistic. PAP leadership consisted of English lawyers and Chinese pro-communist trade union leaders. Unlike the western country (United States) that is run by politicians, Singapore is not run by politicians, but by a social system that where power is gained through skills, performances, and loyalty to the nation and not by politician’s policies. Singapore as has supremacy of government-controlled companies not like their western country counterparts. The reason why PAP stayed in power is due to popular support won by economic growth. Singapore raised public awareness, and stimulates public interest and debate, in economic issues is a factor of economic growth. Economic performance of Singapore depends on its mode of economic organization, natural resources, climate, and history. Singapore witnessed the unexpected economic development of vast potential for tin, rubber, oil palm, and tobacco, for Singapore is one of the largest ports in the world. Singapore is a postindustrial society where the government has invested billions in infrastructure and aims to recruit the best researchers in all modern fields of technological endeavor (Nowak & Laird, 2010). This brought immigrate from the Philippines, Indonesia, and Southeast Asia to Singapore for work. By 2006, there were approximately 580,000 lower–skilled foreign workers and 90,000 skilled foreign workers in Singapore (Yeoh, 2007). In addition, 60 percent of Singapore's factory workers are Malaysian citizens, who cross the shared border daily (Nowak & Laird, 2010). Unlike the westerner country, Singapore required that workers must take a pregnancy test and STD test regularly. Again Singapore isn’t like their westerner counterparts when it comes to unemployment. Unemployed workers must return to their home country after a short period of job hunting.

Effects of Brand Association on Small Scale Traders Essay

Effects of Brand Association on Small-Scale Traders Introduction            What are the effects of brand association on the performance of small-scale traders? Brand, in this case, refers to the version of a product made by one particular manufacturer. Levitt (1983) affirms that positive brand associations are developed if the product which the brand depicts is durable, marketable and desirable. He further asserts that the customers must be persuaded through advertisements, that the brand possesses the features and attributes that will satisfy their needs. This will lead to customers having a positive impression about the product. Positive brand association helps an organization to gain goodwill, and obstructs the competitor’s entry into the market.            Hypothetically speaking, one would say that effort coupled with utmost discipline on the side of the small-scale traders would assure them total success. It makes so much sense when looked at on the surface. Truth be told, brand association is inevitable if the small-scale traders are to thrive. Though an idea that I am suggesting for the big question throbbing on every small-scale trader’s mind, it has not yet been proved to be correct. The bottom line is, brand association has an influence on the performance of small scale traders. This is because it provides consumers with a point of differentiation of the various types of products provided by the small-scale traders. Brand association is an important dimension of brand equity because, like human association, it is both differentiating and enduring. Consumer perceptions of price, quality and value are considered pivotal determinants of shaping behaviors and product choice (Bishop, 2004). Methods of recruitment            When looking at the methods to be used in recruiting people who would carry out the research, it would be prudent to seek the work of professionals. This would be because professionals are adequately equipped and have been in the practice for a while, hence would render the very best. This way value for the finances spent on the whole process is sure. A matter of great importance that cannot be ignored would be how the recruitment process should go down. This is in order to take in, not just professionals, but the best in the market. There are a number of viable and proven recruitment methods that will most assuredly give the best results, in terms of professional personality. Firstly, I would develop a job description making crystal the requirements necessary for the work at hand. Sending local e-mails would not be an option to ensure extensive coverage of the advertisement (Managing Agency workers, 2013). The e-mails would inform potential staff of the opening an d ask them to share the information with family and friends. More to that, posting on a website with a link to employee testimonies would go a long way in communication in regard to the recruitment. Finally, since advertising via television would be a bit costly, radio would be the perfect media of communication. This is because it would especially get to the people at the grass roots Levitt (1983).            In conclusion, measure is key in the whole process and must be put in check. Measure refers to the quantitative necessity in the whole research process. The study measure to be used will totally be dependent on the market size occupied by the small-scale traders (Meenaghan, 1995). Using large, medium, and small market sizes, having 2 hectares as the size of a small market, approximately 3 employees would comfortably cover the area. The question of relativity cannot be ignored to clearly and acceptably bring home the key question here, which is, ‘what study measure?’ With all that in place, the question of the effects of brand association on performance of small-scale traders would have been adequately and appropriately responded to. References Levitt, T. (1983). The globalization of markets. Harvard Business Review, May/June, pp. 23-26. Meenaghan, T. (1995). The role of advertising in brand image development. Journal of Brand and Product Management, Vol. 4 Issue 4, pp. 23-24. Source document

Jems maturity Essays

Jems maturity Essays Jems maturity Paper Jems maturity Paper Jems maturity BY ollte1999 To kill a mockingbird. in To Kill a Mockingbird, Jem has significantly grown from a childish, playful boy that he was from the beginning of the novel, to a more calm, composed and mature figure resemblance to that of his father, Atticus. Harper Lee has incorporated the theme of Maturity into the novel through the development of Jem. Jem is shown in the beginning of the novel to be a boisterous child whose concept of bravery was through the acceptance of dares. Scout earlier on in the novel states Jem never declined a dare in his life. This depicts Jems immaturity through he has to do dares to seem brave to his peers furthermore his lack of knowledge about the current standings in which America are towards racial inequality or shown here and more so throughout the novel. Jem becomes more mature as the novel progresses. This is influenced by his father, Atticus Finchs, actions in the trial of Tom Robinson. A completely unfair Jury which ecides to convict Tom of raping a white woman, changes Jems view on life and how ridiculous it was that black people were discriminated against because of the colour of their skin. Another way of showing that he has matured is his actions towards Arthur (boo) Radley. Boo Radley is man who got into some mischief when he was a teenager and his father therefore sentenced him to a lifetime of imprisonment in his own home. Many rumors are spread about Arthur because no one has seen him for years. These rumors portray an image to Jem and Scout that he is a mysterious and eccentric who will kill you if you saw him. During the summer, Jem, Scout and Dill would dare each other to go and touch the Radley house or see who could get a glimpse of Arthur. However when they finally found out that he is a kind but simple human being Jem takes and step back to think about how all these rumors about Boo are wrong and how he has been discriminated against Just like the black people were.

All About Most

All About Most All About Most All About Most By Mark Nichol Most is a grammatically versatile word employed in references to amounts, quantities, and degree. This post discusses its use as various parts of speech. Most, deriving from Old English and related to more, serves as an adjective pertaining to extent (as in â€Å"The most support comes from the Midwest†) or the majority (â€Å"Most of his supporters are in the Midwest†). Note the distinction between general and specific discussion: Compare â€Å"Most households have more than one television† (general) with â€Å"Most of the city’s households have more than one television† (specific). As an adjective suffix, it applies to something that most completely or extensively displays a characteristic, appearing in such words as foremost and hindmost, meaning, respectively, â€Å"farthest forward† and â€Å"farthest behind.† As an adverb, most performs a similar function, except that it modifies adjectives. When it means â€Å"to the greatest degree,† it is preceded by the, as in â€Å"He found it to be the most rewarding job he had had to date.† When the meaning is â€Å"to a great degree,† the is omitted, as in â€Å"His current job is most rewarding.† It can also modify another adverb, as in the phrase â€Å"most certainly.† In addition, most is sometimes employed as a variant of almost to modify such words as all, anyone, anywhere, and always, as in â€Å"You will find that happens most everywhere,† but this usage is considered informal. Most is also a noun meaning â€Å"the greatest amount,† as in sentences such as â€Å"It’s the most I can do† and â€Å"You gave him the most of all,† and in the phrases â€Å"at most† and â€Å"at the most† (which are interchangeable), as in â€Å"It will take her two or three days at most.† As a pronoun, it means â€Å"the greatest number or part,† as in â€Å"Most would agree.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Has vs. Had80 Idioms with the Word TimeEducational vs. Educative

Geographical Abbreviation

Geographical Abbreviation Geographical Abbreviation Geographical Abbreviation By Mark Nichol This post outlines the use of abbreviation to refer to geographical locations and other references to location. Note that in general, such references should be spelled out; abbreviation is usually reserved for when space is limited. Some publications still use traditional abbreviations for states, such as Calif. and N.Y., but the trend is toward using postal symbols such as CA for abbreviation when necessary, as in bibliographies, lists, tables, and mailing addresses. When the older abbreviations are used, inclusion of periods for initials (as in N.Y.) is advised for consistency, but overall, the abbreviation style is not recommended. (However, when US is used as an adjective, no periods are necessary; the abbreviation should not be used at all as a noun.) Whether a state or country name following a city name is abbreviated or spelled out, the state or country name should be punctuated before and after with commas: â€Å"San Diego, CA, is the second-largest city in the state.† In a reference to a street address, precede the state abbreviation with a comma, but do not insert a second comma between the abbreviation and the ZIP code: â€Å"123 Main Street, Anytown, CA 54321.† (By the way, ZIP is an acronym standing for â€Å"Zone Improvement Plan.†) When a compass point is designated in a street address, follow a single-letter abbreviation with a period (as in â€Å"E. Main Street†), but do not punctuate a two-letter abbreviation or separate the street name from an abbreviation that follows (as in â€Å"First Street NW†). Compass points described in isolation are generally spelled out (for example, northwest), but in technical contexts, they may be abbreviated as they are in addresses. For locations with words such as fort, mount, and saint in the name, consult a geographical dictionary or an official printed or online resource about the location to determine whether to spell out or abbreviate the word. However, the Spanish equivalents of saint, San and Santa, are never abbreviated. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Meaning of "To a T"Loan, Lend, Loaned, LentWhat the Heck are "Peeps"?

Structural Stagnation Dilemma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Structural Stagnation Dilemma - Essay Example Economist deliberated on the new issue which carried much weight to the US economy and several hypotheses were put across. The economist named this strange phenomenon as the structural stagnation dilemma. The argument was that the problem that had recently hit the US economy were not just normal economic issue, but structural problems caused by globalization. Regardless of whether one approves the structural stagnation dilemma presented by various author, it is quite useful in generating ideas this problem. It illustrates how economic reasoning blends distinct economic concepts and ideas from both macroeconomics and microeconomics into a reasonable explanation for contemporary events. Secondly, the economic reasoning is supported by empirical testing of the ideas hence giving more reliable information. According to this argument, structural stagnation has both the short-term and the long-run causes. The short-run economic causes are intricately linked to consequences of the financial crisis. The long-run manifest itself in issues such as globalization, trade deficits, and exchange rates. These two are perfectly related in that one of the core problems of this financial problem was that the government was trying to avoid handling problems brought about by globalization. The structural stagnation can be explained from a number of economic fronts. For instance, US have experienced a couple of recessions before; however, the recovery has always been slower with each passing recession. The growth has also been slow and gradual. Intuitively, this pointed out to some possibility of other causes rather than just recession. Faced with this kind of problem with each passing year, the economist began to grapple that something must have been wrong with the economy. This was the hallmark of the structural stagnation theory which predicted a recovery characterized by slow growth